Which devices are labeled according to the passive sign convention (PSC)?

For each device, state whether Passive Sign Convention (PSC) or Active Sign Convention (ASC) is used for the defined current and voltage. Then determine whether the device is absorbing or delivering power.

For labeled currents, draw an arrow to show the direction of positive current. For labeled voltages, circle the node that is at the highest potential.

(a) Suppose that a 12-volt automobile battery with 100 amp-hour capacity is fully charged. How much energy (in joules) is stored in the battery?

(b) Next, suppose that the battery needs to supply the automobile's emergency flashers while the driver seeks roadside assistance. The flashers consume 50 watts of power when on, and the flashers are active for a half second out of every two seconds. Assuming that the battery can maintain its rated output voltage until completely depleted of stored energy, how long (in hours) will the battery be able to operate the flashers?

A "night light" illuminates dark hallways and children's rooms at night. Older night lights use incandescent bulbs (tungsten filament in an evacuated glass envelope), while newer night lights use light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The older style night light bulb requires 4 W of power to operate, while a newer LED night light might require about 0.2 W of power. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, a kilowatt-hour costs 9.85 cents for the residential customers, on average (http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epm/table5_6_b.html).

During the course of a year, what is the total cost saved by using an LED-based night light instead of the older style night light?

As of 1983, the definition of a "meter" is based on the speed of light, specifically, the distance that light travels in a vacuum during the time interval 299,792,458^-1 seconds. Electrical signals moving in a cable (for example, the coaxial cable that connects your television to the cable jack in the wall) travel at approximately 70% of the speed of light. Speaking of television, a high-definition (HD) receiver can update its display 60 times per second, where each display frame contains 1280x720 pixels.

So: How far can the television signal travel in a coaxial cable during the time that an HD receiver is drawing a new pixel on the screen?

Beginning in Beijing, China, you need to travel about 11,000 kilometers to reach New York City. Communication satellite signals traveling between these two cities move at close to the speed of light (3x10⁸ meters per second). The eye blink duration of a human is approximately 300 milliseconds. So, is it possible for a communication signal to jump from Beijing to New York in the "blink of an eye?"

How should the value of the variable voltage source V_x be adjusted to cause the voltage at node M to be zero?

Find the value of R that will make V_C = 8 volts. For this value of R, find V_B and V_A.

Find the indicated currents; use the node voltage method first.

Find all the node voltages in the circuit.

Find the three indicated node voltages using the node voltage method.

Determine which sources are delivering power and which sources are absorbing power.

Find the three indicated node voltages using the node voltage method.

Using nodal analysis, find the power delivered or absorbed by each element.

Use the node with the most connected branches as the ground reference, and then determine the remaining node voltages.

(a) Does the circuit have a "floating voltage source" which would require the "supernode" technique for nodal analysis?

(b) Write the nodal equations for this circuit.

Use nodal analysis to determine the resistors that absorb the most and least power.

Write the nodal equations for this circuit.

Determine the number of nodes in each circuit, and draw a closed contour around each node.

Determine the number of nodes in this circuit, and draw a closed contour around each node.

Determine the number of nodes in this circuit, and draw a closed contour around each node.

Use mesh current analysis to find Vx.

Use nodal analysis to determine whether the dependent voltage source is absorbing or delivering power to the rest of the circuit.

Use mesh current analysis to find the voltage across each resistor.

Use mesh analysis to determine the two defined currents, Ix and Iy.

Determine all of the mesh currents in the circuit.

Determine all of the mesh currents in the circuit.

Use mesh current analysis to find Vz.

Use mesh current analysis to find the power associated with each voltage source.

Determine each mesh current in this circuit.

Use mesh analysis to find Vx and Iy.

Simplify the circuit between terminals A and B to a single equivalent resistor.

Find the source voltage across the 1 mA current source.

Simplify the circuit between terminals a and b.

Find the equivalent resistance at terminals a and b.

Reduce the circuit to a single resistor at terminals a and b.

Find the current i in the circuit.

Obtain the equivalent resistance at terminals a-b.

Find the value of V0.

Find the current through the 10 kΩ resistor.

Find the current through the 300 Ω resistor.

A circuit analysis program tells us that v1 = 2V, v2 = 2V, v3 = -5V, v4 = 8V, and V5 = 5V. Test whether this is correct.

Find the currents i₁, i₂, and i₃ using KCL.

Determine the current through each of the resistors in this circuit.

Find the voltage across resistor R0.

Based on the following measurements across a black box's terminals, determine what elements are inside it.

Find the current i through the 7kΩ resistor using current division.

Given that i = 6mA, v = 6V, 2i₁ = 3i₂, i₂ = 2i₃, v₄:v₃ = 2:1, we need to specify the resistors to meet the following specification.

Use voltage division to find the current i through the 30 kΩ resistor and the voltage v across the 6 kΩ resistor.

Use current division and voltage division to find the voltage vab across terminals a-b.

Use voltage division to find the current i through the 30 kΩ resistor and the voltage v across the 6 kΩ resistor.

Use the proportionality property of linear circuits to find the voltage V_X.

Use the proportionality property of linear circuits to find the current I_X.

In this problem, we’ll assume that both operational amplifiers are ideal. We want to determine the output voltage V_O.

In this problem, we assume the operational amplifier is ideal, we are interested in the voltage across the 1kΩ resistor.

Determine the output current i_o when v₁ = 1V and v₂ = 1 V

We are trying to find the output voltage v_o of the ideal op amp circuit.

Calculate the current through the 20kΩ resistor.

Determine the current i in the op amp circuit.

find the output voltage v_o of the ideal op amp.

Find the output voltage v_o of the ideal op amp.

For the circuit which consists of one ideal op amp, we want to find the output voltage v_o of the op amp.

Design an op amp circuit such that v_out = -3v₁ - 5v₂ + 4v₃.

An inverting amplifier circuit is given in figure 1.

a) Assume the op amp is ideal and determine v_o .

b) Replace the operational amplifier by the finite gain model shown in figure 2. Assuming the parameters of the op amp are R_i = 100kΩ, R_o = 100kΩ, and A = 100,000, repeat the analysis and find v_o.

An non-inverting amplifier circuit is given in figure 1.

a) If the load resistor R_L = 1kΩ, determine v_o assuming the op amp is ideal. Repeat the analysis for R_L = 100kΩ.

b) Replace the operational amplifier by the finite gain model shown in figure 2. Assume the parameters of the op amp are R_i = 100kΩ, R_o = 100kΩ, and A = 100,000. Repeat the analysis of a).

Find the output voltage v_o

Find the output voltage v_o

Find the current through the 6kΩ resistor.

Calculate the output voltage v_o

Find the output voltage v_o

a) Determine the output voltage of the instrumentation amplifier when v₁ = 0V and v₂ = 0.1V b) Assume the input signal is distorted by noise and the input voltage becomes v₁ = 10V and v₂ = 10.1V Recalculate the output voltage.

Find the output voltage v_o

Find the output voltage v_o

Use repeated source transformations to convert this circuit into Norton form.

Use repeated source transformations to convert this circuit into Thèvenin form.

Use repeated source transformations to convert this circuit into Norton form.

Use repeated source transformations to convert this circuit into Thevenin form.

Use repeated source transformations to convert this circuit into Thevenin form.

Use repeated source transformations to convert this circuit into Norton form.

Read the resistor color codes to determine their values and tolerances. Report the values using engineering prefix notation, i.e., ohms, kilo-ohms, or mega-ohms.

Find the maximum and minimum specified resistance for each resistor.

A designer of the subwoofer amplifier for a home theater audio system has produced the following list of necessary resistors for a portion of her design: 481Ω, 12.67kΩ, 34Ω, and 735.2kΩ. Determine the color code of the nearest available 5% tolerance standard resistor value for each resistor.

For each current source, draw a current label (arrow and value) pointing up or to the right that is equivalent to the indicated current.

Which of the following circuit connections are invalid?

For each voltage source, draw a voltage label (polarity indicators and value) with the positive indicator at the top or to the right that is equivalent to the indicated voltage.

Which of the following circuit connections are invalid?

For each current source, draw a current label (arrow and value) pointing up or to the right that is equivalent to the indicated content.

For each voltage source, draw a voltage label (polarity indicators and value) with the positive indicator at the top or to the right that is equivalent to the indicated voltage.

Three different terminal pairs are attached to an original circuit. Which terminal pair arrangement will extract the most power from the original circuit?

Two measurements are made on the same "linear mystery circuit" as shown. What would be the measured current Im if the 50-ohm resistor is replaced by a short circuit?

When the variable load resistance Rl is 1 kΩ the measured voltage Vm is 30 volts. When Rt is lowered to 10Ω the voltage drops to 3 volts. What would you expect Vm to be when the load resistance is removed?

Consider the following experimental method to measure the Thèvenin resistance of a linear circuit:

(1) With the pushbutton open, measure and record Vm, (2) press the pushbutton and adjust Rvar until Vm is half the original voltage, and (3) release the pushbutton and measure Rvar.

Explain why the measured resistance Rvar is actually the same as the Thèvenin resistance Rt.

Find the Thèvenin equivalent circuit at the terminals S-T.

Find the Thèvenin equivalent circuit at the terminals U-V.

Find the Thèvenin equivalent at the terminals A-B. Use two different methods to find the Thèvenin resistance:

(a) As a ratio of short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage, and

(b) as the lookback resistance.

Find the Thèvenin equivalent circuit to the left of the terminals A-B.

Find the Thèvenin equivalent circuit at the terminals A-B.

Find the Thèvenin equivalent circuit at the terminals E-F.

Find the Thèvenin equivalent circuit at the terminals G-H.

Given this voltage waveform applied across a 1 μF capacitor, find the current through the capacitor.

Given this current waveform applied to a 10μF capacitor, find the capacitor's voltage as a function of time, given that v(0) = 0 volts.

In the circuit below, v(t) = 10e^-1000t V. Assume that the 10μF capacitor is fully discharged at t=0, and find v₁(t), v₂(t), i₁(t) and i₂(t).

The input waveform v_i(t) is applied to this circuit as shown. Find the output voltage v_o(t) and the current i_o(t).

Given the input voltage shown in the figure below, determine v_o(t). Assume the capacitor is fully discharged.

Find the equivalent capacitance across terminals a and b.

Find the equivalent capacitance seen by the voltage source.

Find the equivalent inductance across terminals a and b.

Given that i(t) = e^(-1000t) and i1(0) = 0A, find v(t), i1(t), i2(t), and v2(t) for t>0.

Given the waveform of current through an inductor, find the voltage across the inductor as a function of time.

Given the voltage waveform applied across an inductor and that i(0) = 0, find i(t) for a 5H inductor.

Use superposition to determine the voltage V_X. State which source influences V_X the most.

Use superposition to determine the voltage V_X.

Use superposition to determine the current I. State which source influences I the most.

Determine the z parameters of the two-port circuit.

Determine the z parameters of the two-port circuit.

Determine the z parameters of the two-port circuit.

Determine the z parameters of the two-port circuit.

Determine the z parameters of the two-port circuit.