Professors Bremmer, Brophy, Byun, Carlson, Carvill, Casey, Christ, Clark, Dyer, Garcia, Gardner, Heeter, Hirotani, House, Kukral, Luegenbiehl, Martland, Mason, Michel, Minster, Pickett, Schumacher, Smith, Watt, Williams, and Zoetewey.

MISSION STATEMENT

To enable our students to become creative, sophisticated thinkers, active citizens, and effective leaders in the global community, the department contributes to a broad liberal education, introducing students to a wide array of disciplines and traditions in the humanities and social sciences. In doing so, it provides learning experiences that, in addition to their intrinsic value, enrich a scientific and technical education.

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

Within the context of a liberal education, the department fosters in its students the desire and the ability to

think critically, forming cogent, informed opinions, defining and solving problems with an awareness that societal processes are complex and interactive;

communicate effectively to diverse audiences, including those from other cultures and communities;

succeed in a global context by understanding and adapting to diverse cultures, alternative points of view, and the challenges of globalization;

exhibit ethical and responsible leadership as individuals, citizens, and professionals, committed to lifelong learning and achievement.

DISCIPLINES

The Department’s courses are listed under each academic discipline in the following pages with the discipline identified by the center digit of the course number. In addition, each course fits into one of four thematic categories which is indicated by the course’s two-letter prefix.

Thematic Categories

Global Studies (GL prefix): Courses whose primary focus is on non-Western cultural traditions, or on the interrelationships among multiple societies.
  Rhetoric and Expression (RH prefix): Courses whose primary focus is on human communication in all its forms.
  Self and Society (SL prefix): Courses whose primary focus is on the dynamics and patterns of human and social interaction.
  Values and Contemporary Issues (VA prefix): Courses whose primary focus is on societal values and/or on current topics of importance.

Note: The prefix of foreign language courses identifies the language: GE German JP Japanese SP Spanish

The allocation of these courses into the thematic categories is described below.

GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS

1. General
All students must take a minimum of nine courses (36 credits) in Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS). These courses may be chosen from the HSS offerings, within the restrictions below. (A student taking an area minor in HSS must take a minimum of ten to eleven courses; see below.)

2. Rhetoric and Composition
All students, with the exception noted below, are required to take RH 131, Rhetoric and Composition, on campus. Freshmen, unless exempted or taking a foreign language, are normally enrolled automatically in the course in either the Fall or Winter Quarter. Students who have taken a writing course at another college will be granted Rhetoric and Expression transfer credit, but are not exempted from RH 131.

EXEMPTION: An entering student (freshman or transfer) who meets both of the following requirements may be exempt from the RH 131 requirement.  The student will not, however, be awarded credit for RH 131.  Any HSS course may be substituted for RH 131 for exempted students. 

        1.  A score of 760 or above on the verbal portion of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) or of 34 or above on the English portion of the ACT. 
       2.  Has received grades of B or higher in all high school English courses. 

3. Distribution Requirements
All students will take two courses in each of the four thematic categories: Global Studies, Rhetoric and Expression, Self and Society, and Values and Contemporary Issues. The section of course descriptions lists courses currently available in each category.

4. Foreign Language
Students who elect to take a foreign language should note the following special requirements.

a. A minimum of two successive language courses must be taken to receive HSS credit.

b. Students who take 2-4 courses in a foreign language sequence may allocate those language courses in any of the four thematic categories as they choose, but may have no more than one language course in any category. In other words, the student must still take at least one course in each thematic category in a discipline other than foreign language and must also take RH 131.

c. Students who take twelve courses (four years) in a single language are exempted from RH 131 and from both courses in Global Studies.

d. Students may not earn foreign language credit in their native languages.

Note: Students planning to study abroad should be sure to have their program approved ahead of time by the head of the HSS Department and by the head of the Department in which they are majoring.

5. Area Minors
Students may elect an area minor in most of the HSS Department’s disciplines. In addition, several interdisciplinary minors are available. (See below.)

6. Other Requirements
Certain curricula require students to take specific HSS courses. For example, Electrical Engineering requires SL 151, Principles of Economics, and several departments require RH 330, Technical Communication.

HELP WITH REQUIREMENTS
  Students having questions concerning these requirements should consult their advisers or the head of the HSS Department. A check sheet summarizing HSS graduation requirements is available in the HSS Department Office.

AREA MINOR
  A student may elect to take an Area Minor in Philosophy and Religion, German, Japanese, Spanish, History, Language and Literature, Economics, Political Science, Psychology, Anthropology, Geography, East Asian Studies, European Studies, Latin American Studies, or Science, Technology, and Society, by concentrating 5 HSS to 7 courses in that area. NOTE: All Area Minors require taking one additional HSS course, for a minimum of 40 HSS credits, 44 in the case of foreign languages. See the specific requirements listed under each Area. Successful completion of the Area Minor is indicated on the student’s grade transcript. A student interested in pursuing an Area Minor should consult with the appropriate Area Minor Adviser, listed below, for aid in planning a course schedule.

1. No courses counted toward fulfilling the requirements for one minor may be counted in fulfilling the requirements of another minor.
2. When earning a disciplinary minor, a minimum of four HSS courses must be completed outside of the discipline area. Disciplines are identified by the center digit of the course number.
3. When earning a minor in East Asian Studies, European Studies, Latin American Studies, or Science, Technology, and Society, a minimum of three HSS courses must be completed outside of the minor.

GLOBAL STUDIES

GL 184 Introduction to East Asia 4R-0L-4C
  Introduces historical background and contemporary life in China, Japan, and Korea, including cultural and social patterns, social roles and lifestyles, and the nature, context, and consequences of the changes brought about by modernization.

GL 207 Asian Religions and Philosophy 4R-0L-4C Arranged
  Focuses on the thought systems of India, China, and Japan, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, and Shinto.

GL 221 Colonial Latin America 4R-0L-4C
  Examines the history of Latin America from before the conquest to independence, with particular emphasis on social, economic, political, and cultural developments between 1492 and 1800.

GL 222 Modern Latin America 4R-0L-4C Arranged
  Examines the history of Latin America from independence (about 1810) to the present, with particular emphasis on the social, economic, political, and cultural developments of the past hundred years. Introduces major problems facing contemporary Latin America, including the search for stable government, political violence, environmental degradation, and extreme poverty and inequality.

GL 237 Science Fiction 4R-0L-4C
  Analyzes literary techniques used for displacing historical reality into a cross-cultural perspective to create science fiction. Emphasizes science fiction’s humanistic usefulness in examining human values from an “extra-species, extra-terrestrial” perspective and in assessing the effects of technology on varieties of belief structures and social institutions.

GL 261 Comparative Politics 4R-0L-4C
  Examines the political systems of numerous countries throughout Europe, Asia, Latin America, and Africa. Explores the concepts and principles of comparative political analysis.

GL 262 International Relations 4R-0L-4C
  Analyzes the structures, actors, and major problems (e.g., warfare, economic interdependence, poverty) of the global system. Explores alternatives for solving these problems.

GL 285 Humans and Culture 4R-0L-4C
  The study of culture: the course focuses on human adaptation and diversity; language and its use; the development and variety of economic, political, religious, family gender and expressive institutions.

GL 291 World Geography 4R-0L-4C
  Explores the people and lands of the world through studies and concepts from human geography with emphasis on cultural landscape, meaning, maps, and visual interpretation. Emphasis is placed on the culture regions of Africa, Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and the South Pacific.

GL 306 Japanese Values and Technological Development 4R-0L-4C
  Compares Japanese perspectives on the relationship between human values and technological development to Western views. Develops insights into alternative modes of human existence and their implications for innovation and creativity.

GL 311 Issues in German Culture 4R-0L-4C
  Examines the global influence and impact of a variety of historical and contemporary issues in German popular and high culture. Same as GE 311.

GL 322 Industrial Revolution in Global Context 4R-0L-4C
  Examines the changes in production, distribution, and consumption commonly known as the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries. Explores technological, economic, social, and cultural aspects of these changes, both in industrialized countries and in other parts of the world.

GL 323 Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union 4R-0L-4C
  Covers the Soviet dictatorship from 1917 to 1991 seen as an outgrowth of Marxism, the Russian populist tradition, the personalities of Lenin and Stalin, and an inhospitable world. Explores reasons for the collapse of Communism and the Soviet empire. Considers also the Commonwealth of Independent States acipation in the war on terrorism.

GL 324 Japan in the 20th Century 4R-0L-4C
  Analyzes changes in Japanese society and foreign policy from the mid-19th century to the 1990s. Examines the effects of the Meiji restoration, industrial growth, competition for armament and empire, racism, ethnocentrism, and the Asian wars of the late 19th thru 20th centuries.

GL 325 Cities in Latin American History 4R-0L-4C
  Traces the role of the city in Latin America from before the conquest to the present. Examines the significance of such factors as technology, regulation, mass politics, and violence.

GL 333 Travel in World Literature
  Examines a wide variety of literature—including some in translation—and emphasizes works that comment on travel, tourism, and the effects of colonialism.

GL 334 Utopian Thought and Literature 4R-0L-4C
  Studies varieties of utopian thought from a cross-cultural perspective.

GL 335 Arabic Literature 4R-0L-4C
  Covers a range of literature and film by writers and filmmakers from North Africa, the Middle East, and the Arabic-speaking diaspora.  Includes literature in translation by major authors of this genre and critical works by a number of scholars of Arabic literature.

GL 336 Romanticism and World Literature 4R-0L-4C
  Covers major authors and themes in European Romantic literature from 1770-1830, as well as its repercussions and transformations in other cultures.

GL 357 European Economics Pre: SL 151 4R-0L-4C
  Introduces students to European affairs together with a methodological approach
useful for analyzing economic issues in the future as well as the past. Focus will
be on the costs and benefits of establishing a single currency identified by
economic theory. Various existing monetary regimes will be evaluated, with an
emphasis on the institutional set-up of monetary policy and fiscal policy in the
European Monetary Union.

GL 363 Politics of the Global Economy 4R-0L-4C
  Analyzes the political aspects of global economic relationships. Reviews the dominant theoretical approaches, concepts, and major issues (e.g., trade relations, globalization, the role of international organizations, etc.) in the international political economy.

GL 366 The European Union 4R-0L-4C
  Examines the historical development of European integration and current EU institutions, politics, and policy (economic, social, and foreign).

GL 384 Japanese Society 4R-0L-4C
  Examines the context within which individual Japanese live and work in contemporary Japanese society. Considers the “traditional” roots of Japan, the impact of industrialization, the Japanese “economic miracle,” and current trends. Emphasizes the change and continuity in Japanese life, including the family and marriage, rural and urban lifestyles, education, and the organization of management and labor.

GL 389 Intercultural Communication 4R-0L-4C Arranged
  Explores the Constructivist theory of communication at three levels: ethnic cultures, organizational cultures and team norms. Uses ethnographic interviewing as an approach to understand the impact of language and culture on communication.

GL 391 Geography of Africa & Southwest Asia 4R-0L-4C
  Introduces students to the land and people of Africa and Southwest Asia. Important issues covered are human ecology, colonialism, political geography, culture, economics of travel and tourism, wildlife issues, and the future of Africa.

GL412 Germany in Europe 4R-0L-4C
  Explores topics in German and European intellectual history as represented in literature, essay, and film. Possible topics: the Enlightenment, nationalism and revolution, the critique of science and technology, avant-garde and politics, modernism, existentialism. Same as GE412.

GL 422 American Diplomacy in the 20th Century 4R-0L-4C
  Examines American foreign relations from the outbreak of World War II to the post 9/11 period. Includes the origins and nature of the Cold War–both risks and costs—and its effects on both the United States and world. Also considers the challenges facing the U.S. from the appeal of religions and tribal extremism in many strategically important regions of the world.

GL 423 American Arms and Strategy in the 20th Century 4R-0L-4C
  Analyzes the American military experience in the twentieth century with emphasis on the nature of war and changes in strategy that evolved from the lessons of combat in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and Central Asia. Includes theories of strategy, the effect of advances in technology, and the role of the armed forces in a democracy.

GL 455 Economic Growth and Development 4R-0L-4C  Pre: SL 151
  Analyzes the determinants of economic growth. Pays special attention to problems faced by developing nations and discusses the impact of globalization.

GL 458 International Trade 4R-0L-4C Pre: SL 151
  Analyzes the theory of international trade, trade policy, foreign exchange and the payments adjustment process, adjustment policies and multinational corporations. 

GL 459 International Finance 4R-0L-4C Pre: SL 151
  Studies the workings of international financial markets, the role of exchange rates in international trade and capital movement, and the effects of exchange rate volatility. Topics include exchange rates and the foreign exchange market, the balance of payments, parity conditions, the international monetary system, and international interdependence.

RHETORIC AND EXPRESSION

RH 101 Introduction to Philosophy 4R-0L-4C  
  Introduces the student to the methods and subject matter of philosophy through a selective consideration of fundamental philosophical problems such as the nature of reality, the existence of God, the criteria of knowing, and the basis of morality.

RH 131 Rhetoric and Composition 4R-0L-4C  F, W, S
  Examines selected pieces of writing which are used as models for student composition. Emphasizes the use of evidence and methods of argumentation. Required of all students. (May not be counted for an Area Minor in Language and Literature.)

RH 142 Drawing 4R-0L-4C
  Introduces student to drawing as a basis of personal expression. Exposes the student to a range of tools, techniques, and attitudes.

RH 148 Beginning Photography 4R-0L-4C
  Introduces the student to historical aspects of photography, the impact of the visual image in modern culture, and photography as a medium of individual expression.

RH 230 Fundamentals of Public Speaking 4R-0L-4C
  Examines the thought processes necessary to organize speech content. Analyzes components of effective delivery and language. Provides practice in both individual and group presentation. Simulates public, academic, technical, and business settings for speeches.

RH 231 Introduction to Poetry 4R-0L-4C
  Provides students with the means for understanding and appreciating poetry. Focuses on the use of tone, speaker, figurative language, verse forms, and structure in poems from a variety of historical periods.

RH 232 Jane Austen and the Rhetoric of Fiction 4R-0L-4C Arranged
  Provides a guide to reading, appreciating, and analyzing Jane Austen’s major novels. Analyzes a variety of film adaptations, comparing them to the novels in their rhetorical effects.

RH 234 Rhetoric of Science 4R-0L-4C
  Examines rhetorical and philosophical approaches to persuasion in scientific argument. Emphasizes popular science writing, the image of science in contemporary culture, and the role played by science in shaping public opinion and policy.

RH 239 Introduction to Film 4R-0L-4C
  Studies major cinematic devices—narrative, camerawork, editing, staging, sound, and acting—through which films communicate. Examines arguments implicit in films.

RH 244 History and Appreciation of Music 4R-0L-4C
  Surveys music history, forms, styles, and media through listening. Examines representative musical compositions.

RH 246 Music Theory I 4R-0L-4C
Studies basic materials of music: harmony, melody, rhythm and timbre and their roles in musical structure.

RH 330 Technical Communication 4R-0L-4C  Pre: RH 131 and Junior class standing or consent of instructor F, W, S
  Discusses the preparation and presentation of engineering reports, both oral and written. (May not be counted for an area minor in Language and Literature.)

RH 333 Critical Reading 4R-0L-4C
  Teaches strategies for reading more analytically. Considers readings likely to be encountered, such as professional writing, popularizations of disciplinary research, newspaper/ newsmagazine articles and editorials, web sites, and company recruiting literature.

RH 334 Creative Writing 4R-0L-4C
  Introduces students to writing in a variety of genres:  poetry, short story, creative non-fiction, and drama.  Employs a variety of writing and revision techniques to assist students in the production of a portfolio of their work. 

RH 335 Horror Literature 4R-0L-4C
  Examines the development, contexts, generic conventions, and social functions of modern horror from its roots in European Gothic traditions to the present.

RH 346 Music Theory II 4R-0L-4C Arranged Pre: RH 246 or consent of instructor
  Continues study of basic materials of music and applies them to practical use: composition, analysis, and individual projects.

RH 351 The Rhetoric of Economic Thought 4R-0L-4C Pre: SL 151
  Surveys the history of economic thought and examines the literature of economics from rhetorical, historical, and methodological perspectives using original sources.

RH 431 History of the American Novel 4R-0L-4C
  Studies the novel in America from its early examples into the present. Emphasizes influential novels with historical and societal impact, placing more recent novels into historical context.

RH466 Seminar on Political Philosophy 4R-0L-4C
  Examines the argumentation and logic of classic and contemporary readings in political thought. These ideas are then applied to current political issues to help clarify positions on basic issues of political philosophy.

RH 471 Literature of Madness
  Analyzes the literary, biographical, and scientific relationships between artistic and manic-depressed temperaments. Examines how “great wits and madness” relate.

SELF AND SOCIETY

SL 121 United States to 1865 4R-0L-4C
  Covers the colonial through the Civil War period. Emphasizes the development of national identity, constitutional democracy, industrial capitalism, and expanding national boundaries.

SL 122 United States since 1865 4R-0L-4C
  Covers the United States from Reconstruction after the Civil War through the post-Cold War foreign conflicts. Stresses the origins of such issues as poverty, civil rights, pollution, and the information age.

SL 151 Principles of Economics 4R-0L-4C F, W, S
  Includes both microeconomics and macroeconomics. Analyzes market behavior. Considers production and pricing decisions under alternative industrial structures. Examines the determinants of economic growth, unemployment and inflation, including fiscal and monetary policy.

SL 171 Principles of Psychology 4R-0L-4C
  Surveys learning, motivation, personality, intelligence, abnormal behavior, social behavior, perception, emotion, and psychobiology. Stresses objective analysis of behavior and provides a foundation for advanced courses.

SL 191 Cultural Geography 4R-0L-4C
  Explores themes, topics, and concepts in cultural geography studies with examples from a diversity of world areas. Included are studies and examples from language, religion, settlement, ethnicity, agriculture, urbanization, population, and popular culture.

SL 222 Western Civilization to 1500 4R-0L-4C Arranged
  Introduces the origins and growth of ideologies and institutions that have shaped Western Civilization from the first sedentary societies until the first contact between Europe and the Americas. Emphasizes the development of society, religion, the economy, government, science, and technology.

SL 223 Western Civilization from 1500 to the Present 4R-0L-4C Arranged
  Introduces the development of ideologies and institutions that have shaped Western Civilization from the beginning of European colonialism to the Cold War, globalization, and the present day. Emphasizes changes in society, religion, government, the economy, and the impact of science and technology on daily life.

SL 231 Introduction to Short Fiction 4R-0L-4C
  Guides students in reading, appreciating, and analyzing a range of short fiction. Gives special attention to how reading such fiction can help us better understand ourselves and our relationships to the societies in which we live.

SL 232 Major American Writers 4R-0L-4C
  Covers a broad range of American writers, including Franklin, Melville, Hawthorn, Twain, Hemingway, Faulkner, placed against the historical backgrounds of their times.

SL 233 Survey of American Literature
  Studies a braod range of American literature since the Civil War. Examines a variety of authors and genres (fiction, poetry, prose, nonfiction).

SL234: Major British Writers
  Examines well-known British writers, placed against the historical backgrounds of their times. Poetry, drama, fiction, and non-fiction from such famous writers as Chaucer, Spenser, Shakespeare, Milton, Swift, Pope, Johnson, Wordsworth, Bronte, Browning, Joyce, Lawrence, Auden, and Beckett will be studied.

SL 261 American Politics and Government 4R-0L-4C
  Examines the ideology, culture, political processes, institutions, and public policy of the American democratic system.

SL 272 Experimental Psychology 4R-0L-4C Arranged Pre: SL 171
  Emphasizes experimental analysis of perception, motivation, learning, and personality. Programmed and independent experiments are performed. Laboratory periods are arranged.

SL 290 Business Law 4R-0L-4C
  Studies the legal system and its impact on business people and their customers, with reference to crime, legal contracts, liability, consumer protection, government regulation, and other topics.

SL 307 Ethics in America 4R-0L-4C Arranged
  Uses round table discussion videos to critically examine the ethical standards of the professions in American society. Includes discussion of medicine, law, government, business and the military.

SL 331 Literature and Lore of the Sea 4R-0L-4C Arranged
  Examines the role of the sea in literature from three perspectives: (1) the heroic tradition, (2) myth and symbolism, and (3) popular culture.

SL 334 Literature of War 4R-0L-4C Arranged
  Examines the influence of military engagements on individual writers. Analyzes literary works as responses to the cultural, psychological, and social impacts of war.

SL 335 Shakespeare 4R-0L-4C
  Studies Shakespeare’s histories, comedies, and tragedies, with close textual reading of selected plays. Encourages understanding of Shakespeare’s England and his development as a dramatist.

SL 336 Contemporary American Fiction
  Analyzes the evolution of the American novel since 1945, with an emphasis on historical and theoretical context. Emphasizes the transition from modernism to the experimental literary forms of the late twentieth century.

SL 338 Latin American Fiction: The Boom and Beyond
  Studies writers associated with the “Boom” in Latin American fiction, along with their literary predecessors and descendents. >Examines related cultural issues such as exile, gender roles, and dictatorship.

SL 350 Managerial Accounting 4R-0L-4C  Pre: SL 151
  Covers accounting concepts and procedures for preparation of financial reporting. Emphasizes use of accounting as a tool for management control and decision-making.

SL 351 Managerial Economics 4R-0L-4C  Pre: SL 151
  Applies economic analysis to the management of modern business enterprise. Emphasizes demand estimation, business forecasting, uncertainty, investment decisions, capital budgeting, and pricing strategies. In addition to SL 151, students should have some knowledge of business statistics.

SL 354 Intermediate Microeconomics 4R-0L-4C   Pre: SL 151
  Analyzes optimal choice, and the conditions required for efficient exchange in market economies. Emphasizes rational choice theory as it applies to consumers and businesses, with complementary examination of uncertainty, anomalous features of actual market behavior.

SL 355 Intermediate Macroeconomics 4R-0L-4C   Pre: SL 151
   Studies the economy as a whole, including factors affecting economic growth, unemployment and inflation. Explains economic events and considers how policies affect economic performance.

SL 356 Game Theory 4R-0L-4C   Pre: SL 151
  Introduces techniques used to solve strategic games encountered in business and economics. Analyzes behavior of economic agents in various situations including single and repeated games with perfect and imperfect information.

SL 363 European Politics and Government 4R-0L-4C
  Examines the ideology, culture, political processes, institutions, and public policy of selected European political systems.

SL 372 Cognitive Psychology 4R-0L-4C Arranged Pre: SL 171
  Reviews the scientific study of human memory and cognition. Covers mental events and knowledge we use when we recognize an object, remember a name, have an idea, understand a sentence, and solve a problem.

SL 375 Personality Theories 4R-0L-4C  Pre: SL 171
  Presents an organized summary of major contemporary theories of personality. Compares and contrasts theories of human behavior. Analyzes the degree that behavior is purposive, unconscious, instinctive, learned, modifiable, and predictable.

SL 385 Archaeology and Prehistory 4R-0L-4C
  The study of human past through the analysis of cultural artifacts: the course focuses on the methods and techniques of archaeology and the study of the major cultural and social transformations from foraging to agricultural and complex civilizations.

SL 386 Human Evolution 4R-0L-4C
  The study of human origins and ongoing evolution: the course examines the evidence of the fossil record and genes, compares human behavior with other primates, considers physical basis for behaviors, and the extent and causes of human physical diversity.

SL 398 The Research and Development Organization 4R-0L-4C Arranged
  Describes special challenges for organizations and managers created by the nature of the research and development functions and the skills required of engineers and scientists. Examines important issues in managing engineers, scientists, and technical support personnel.

SL 431 Literary London 4R-0L-4C
  Considers literary depictions of London, a highly symbolic and frequently used setting in 19th, 20th, and 21st century British literature.  Covers a broad range of literary texts set in the city, including works by major authors of this genre and a number of recent works by ethnic minority writers.   

SL 451 Mathematical Economics 4R-0L-4C   Pre: SL 151
  Illustrates the use of mathematics in economic analysis. Includes discussion of mathematical programming, decision theory, the applications of differential and integral calculus, differential and difference equations.

SL 452 Introduction to Econometrics 4R-0L-4C   Pre: SL 151
  Applies statistical methods to problems of economic analysis. Stresses the use of regression analysis in economic research and discusses the special problems encountered in empirical investigation of economic phenomena. In addition to SL 151, the student should have some knowledge of statistics.

SL 491 Medieval Europe 4R-0L-4C
  Explores the settlement, state and nation building, trade, innovation, and peopling of Europe from the age of Vandals, Goths, and Vikings to the Renaissance. Emphasizes wars, revolts, power and society in transforming the map of Europe through studies of historical geography.

VALUES AND CONTEMPORARY ISSUES

VA 134: Popular Literature 4R-0L-4C
  Analyzes texts written for mass consumption, such as detective novels, horror
stories, fantasy fiction, and contemporary thrillers. Explores these literary genres’
conventions and traditions, their social and historical contexts, and the communities
of readers that form around them.

VA 150: Economics of Social Issues 4R-0L-4C
  Examines selected social issues from an economic perspective; provides practical background on important policy debates; and guides students in the application of economic theory to the analysis of public issues.

VA 231 Introduction to Non-Fiction 4R-0L-4C
  Guides students in reading, appreciating, and analyzing contemporary non-fiction works, such as essays. Focuses on understanding the purposes of such works–which may include informing, entertaining, and persuading–and the issues raised.

VA 232 American Minority Literatures 4R-0L-4C 
  Studies the literary traditions of ethnic minorities in the United States, including African-American, Asian-American, Latino/a, and Native American. >Emphasizes recent writers of color while examining the historical sources and backgrounds on which they draw, including experiences of slavery, displacement, and immigration.

VA 233 Introduction to Drama 4R-0L-4C
  Traces the development of drama by analyzing representative plays from historical periods and from different cultures. >Analyzes how, and why, drama has changed over time and how individual plays mirror their times and cultures.

VA 291 Geography of Europe 4R-0L-4C
  Introduces the culture, landscape, and peoples of Europe through discussion, maps, regional analysis, and visual presentations. Includes social issues and contemporary problems facing the Europeans, from Russia to Ireland and all points between.

VA 302 Philosophy of Religion 4R-0L-4C Arranged
  Examines the basic philosophical problems found in religion. Deals specifically with the nature of religion, the nature and existence of God, faith, religious language, and the religious life.

VA 303 Business and Engineering Ethics 4R-0L-4C  
  Considers the ethical problems faced by professionals in the business world. Deals with the engineering codes of ethics and the issues of advertising, conflicts of interest, and social and professional responsibility.

VA 304 Bioethics 4R-0L-4C
  Examines ethical issues in medicine from the perspectives of the professional, the consumer, and society. Emphasizes the patient-physician relationship, questions of life and death, the impacts of technology, and biomedical research.

VA 313 Contemporary Spain 4R-0L-4C
   Introduces historical, political, and above all cultural issues in Spanish society, beginning with an overview of Spain prior to the twentieth century, but concentrating on the period from 1975 to the present. Special emphasis on the unique characteristics of Catalonia, Galicia and the Basque Country. Taught in English.

VA 321 United States since 1939 4R-0L-4C
  Covers the presidencies from Franklin D. Roosevelt through William J. Clinton. Analyzes such issues as the cold war, the city, the economy, movements for social reform, the effects of prosperity, continuing poverty, and the information revolution.

VA 322 Disasters and Modern Society since 1700 R-0L-4C
  Examines how people at different times and places have tried to explain and prevent natural and technological disasters, and how those disasters have influenced the development of modern society. Explores how societies have thought about nature and technology, measured costs in lives and property, and perceived obligations between rich and poor. Focuses on North and South America.

VA 323 Andean Countries of South America 4R-0L-4C
  Explores Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. Examines historical and contemporary debates related to economic development, indigenous peoples, the drug trade and the war on drugs, European and U.S. involvement, and other issues.

VA 328 Nuclear Weapons and the Modern World 4R-0L-4C
  Studies the scientific discoveries leading to the nuclear age, the decisions to build and use the atomic bomb, and the implications for Japan and the postwar world. Analyzes the advent of thermonuclear weapons, nuclear proliferation, and the effects of both on the global community.

VA 329 The Information Age 4R-0L-4C Arranged
  Analyzes the historical development of electronic media and their social implications. Focuses on the ways in which travel and the traditional exchange of goods and services have been replaced by electronic access and digital experiences.

VA 335 Contemporary British Fiction and Film 4R-0L-4C
  Covers fiction and film produced in the British Isles during the last half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, including works by both canonical and non-canonical authors.  Includes readings about a number of pressing issues in contemporary Britain, and focuses on literary responses to race and class concerns. 

VA 336 Ethics in Human Communication 4R-0L-4C
  Examines the interconnection between ethics and rhetoric by studying such topics as (1) persuasion versus propaganda, (2) manipulation and distortion through language, (3) manifestations of prejudice (racism and sexism), (4) language of intimidation and oppression, (5) dehumanizing communication, (6) political and commercial doublespeak, and (7) the content and effectiveness of professional codes for ethical communication.

VA 337 Twentieth-Century American Novel 4R-0L-4C
  Examines the American novel with representatives of the major 20th century literary periods: realism, modernism, postmodernism. Examines the themes and issues addressed in different decades and from different perspectives.

VA 338 Literature and the Environment 4R-0L-4C
  Considers the relationship between art and the natural world. Readings include
myths and poems, travel and adventure narratives, and scientific and philosophical
essays, drawn from a variety of cultural traditions.

VA 352 Financial Markets and Institutions 4R-0L-4C Pre: SL 151
  Examines the nature and functions of financial markets and institutions. Analyzes the determination of interest rates and the processing of information. Considers the relationship between the financial system and the macroeconomy.

VA 353 Industrial Organization 4R-0L-4C Pre: SL 151
  Examines the influence of market structure and competition policy on business firms’ decisions. Discusses modern theories of the firm, implications of market power, strategic interaction, merger and acquisition activity, antitrust policy and regulation.

VA366 America’s Future 4R-0L-4C
  Examines the key political, economic, and security challenges facing the United States in a changing global environment.

VA 373 Gender Issues 4R-0L-4C
  Examines male-female differences in behavior, personality, emotion, and cognition. Examines how men and women differ as they pursue the goals of life and the degree to which these differences are innate or learned.

VA 382 Anthropology of Religion 4R-0L-4C
  Examines various concepts and practices pertaining to the supernatural, focusing primarily on indigenous religions around the world. Discusses the relationships of religious beliefs, values, and practices with social organization, economic behavior, subsistence systems, and technology.

VA 391 Contemporary Europe: Empire to Union 4R-0L-4C
  Surveys the changes and dynamics confronting Europe in the 20th Century. The dissolution of empires and communism to the expanding European Union will be examined with maps, theories and concepts from political geography. Ethics and values related to territoriality, place, and culture will be examined.

VA 413 Contemporary Germany 4R-0L-4C
  Introduces historical, political, and cultural issues in German society from 1945 to the present. Compares German to European developments. Same as GE 413.

VA 431 Images of the Business Person 4R-0L-4C Arranged
  Studies the changing persona of the businessperson from the “captain of industry” to the “man in the gray flannel suit” in literature. Includes emerging concepts of women in the workforce.

VA 434 The Bible as Literature 4R-0L-4C
  Examines the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament as literary texts. Emphasizes the variety of genres employed in biblical literature and introduces students to different approaches appropriate to literary interpretation.

VA 436 Reinterpretation of Literary Themes 4R-0L-4C
  Examines pieces of literature which rework the themes, characters and/or plots of other works. Such pairings as Beowulf/Grendel and Hamlet/Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead show how different authors from different times and cultures reinterpret earlier works in their own way.

VA 452 Environmental Economics 4R-0L-4C   Pre: SL 151
  Analyzes the consequences of pollution and discusses possible solutions to reduce pollution. Introduces analytical tools used in environmental planning. Performs benefit-cost analyses of regulations dealing with air, water, and solid waste pollution.

VA 453 The Entrepreneur 4R-0L-4C  Pre: SL 151
  Describes the role of the entrepreneur in the economy as a whole and in small and large firms. Uses economic analysis to study entrepreneurship and to develop business plans. Includes applications to a simulated entrepreneurial effort by the students.

VA 454 Financial Economics 4R-0L-4C  Pre: SL 151
  Introduces managerial finance. Examines the valuation of assets, the cost of capital, capital structure, working capital management, planning and budgeting, and long-term financing.

VA 498 Technology Management and Forecasting 4R-0L-4C  Pre: Junior class standing or consent of instructor
  Examines elements of managing the growth and operation of technological systems. Discusses technology forecasting tools including expert methods, quantitative trend analysis, simulation and gaming. Techniques for enhancing creativity, managing multi-disciplinary projects, and impact assessment techniques are considered.

SPECIAL TOPICS AND DIRECTED STUDY

GL/RH/SL or VA 399 – Special Topics 4R-0L-4C Arranged
  Examines a selected topic in one of the HSS disciplines in depth. A particular offering may require a prerequisite or consent of the instructor.

GL/RH/SL or VA 499 – Directed Study 4R-0L-4C Arranged Pre: Consent of the Instructor and HSS Department Head
  Allows for individual study of an HSS topic selected by the instructor and the student(s). A plan of study, regular meetings with the instructor, and a major term project are required.

XX 456 Seminar for Economics Majors 2R-0L-2C   F
  Reviews research methods employed in economics, surveys selected topics and methods in current economic research, directs student toward approval of a senior project proposal.  Prerequisite: Junior or Senior standing while pursuing a major or double major in economics, or permission of instructor. Required of all Economics majors and double majors.

XX 457: Directed Study for Economics Senior Project 2R-0L-2C   W, S  
   Pre: XX 456
  Directed study leading to completion of a senor project that demonstrates the ability to pursue independent intellectual inquiry.  Prerequisite: Junior or Senior standing wile pursuing a major or double major in economics, or permission of instructor; successful completion of XX456.  Required of all Economics majors and double majors.

MODERN LANGUAGES

(Students may not earn foreign language credit in their native tongue)

GE 111/112/113 German Language and Culture I/II/III 4R-1L-4C F/W/S Pre: Preceding course or placement by examination.
  Provides elementary training in hearing, speaking, reading, and writing German. Uses reading exercises to show the relationship between language and culture. Required language laboratory.

JP 111/112/113 Japanese Language and Culture I/II/III 4R-1L-4C F/W/S Pre: Preceding course or placement by examination.
  Provide elementary training in speaking, listening, reading and writing Japanese. Three types of characters, Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji will be introduced as well as fundamental linguistic forms and functions of modern Japanese.

SP 111/112/113 Spanish Language and Culture I/II/III 4R-1L-4C F/W/S Pre: Preceding course or placement by examination.
  Provides elementary and intermediate training in oral/aural skills, reading, and writing Spanish. Enhances grammar presentations by means of appropriate readings that show the relationship between language and culture.

GE 211/212/213 German Language and Culture IV/V/VI 4R-1L-4C F/W/S Pre: Preceding course or placement by examination.
  Reviews German grammar, emphasizing its logical sub-structure. Stresses analysis of complex sentences of scholarly German. Introduces the student to selected topics dealing with life in Germany as contrasted with life in the U.S. Provides continued practice in reading and speaking. Required language laboratory.

JP 211/212/213 Japanese Language and Culture IV/V/VI 4R-1L-4C F/W/S Pre: Preceding course or placement by examination.
  Provides further training in speaking, listening, reading and writing Japanese. More advanced aspects of modern Japanese such as honorific and humble forms, empathic expressions, casual speech, and male and female speech are examined.

SP 211/212 Spanish Language and Culture IV/V 4R-1L-4C F/W Pre: Preceding course or placement by examination
   Stresses conversational skills and intensive first year grammar review. Intermediate reading and discussion of texts on contemporary issues and cultural topics from Latin America and Spain.

SP 213 Spanish for Engineers 4R-0L-4C S Pre: SP 212 or placement by examination
  Stresses language skills useful for the engineering profession. Provides training in advanced reading, writing and conversation with emphasis on the use of language in a professional context.

GE 311 Issues in German Culture 4R-0L-4C F Pre: GE 213
  Examines the global influence and impact of a variety of historical and contemporary issues in German popular and high culture. Same as GL 311.

GE 312 Reading German Texts 4R-0L-4C W
  Studies and practices effective reading of German texts. Analyzes and evaluates their contents in discussions and the writings of short German essays.

GE 313 Advanced Grammar and Translation Methods 4R-0L-4C S
   Introduces advanced grammar concepts targeted for translation of German texts. Familiarizes students with translation techniques for a variety of text types.

JP 311/312/313 Japanese Language and Culture VII/VIII/IX (Through Study Abroad Program) 4R-XL-4C Summer Pre: Preceding course
  Further develops reading, writing, and speaking skills. Students learn technical terms by participating in engineering laboratory with Japanese students. Includes cultural field trips and company visits. [This course is offered as a summer program at Kanazawa Institute of Technology.]

GE 411 Technical Translation 4R-0L-4C F
  Introduces scientific and technological vocabulary; continues working with complex grammatical structures; applies methods of translation using scientific and technical texts. Requires the writing of a major technical translation project.

GE 412 Technology in German Culture 4R-0L-4C W Pre: GE 411
  Studies and analyzes the background, the issues, and the perceptions of science and technology in German culture in a particular cultural arena. Taught in English and open to all students. Same as SL 412.

GE 413 Contemporary Germany S Pre: GE 412
  Introduces historical, political, and cultural issues in German society from 1945 to the present. Compares German to European developments. Taught in English and open to all students. Same as VA 413.

JP 411/412/413 Japanese Language and Culture X/XI/XII (Through Study Abroad Program) 4R-XL-4C Summer Pre: Preceding course
  Develops advanced language communications skills. Presents further cultural aspects of contemporary Japanese. Introduces reading and writing of scientific Japanese. [This course is offered as a summer program at Kanazawa Institute of Technology.]

FL 299 Summer Language Study Abroad
  Maximum Credit per Summer: 12. May be repeated. Credit for approved summer foreign language study abroad. May count towards a departmental minor, with the exception of a foreign language minor. Prior approval by the HSS Department Head and evidence of satisfactory completion required

THE AREA MINOR IN PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION
Students may apply only one (1) transfer course toward a minor.  Exceptions may be made with the approval of the minor advisor.

The Area Minor in Philosophy and Religion has the following requirements:

1. Five courses in Philosophy and Religion, one of which must be Introduction to Philosophy (RH 101).
2. A minimum of 40 credits in HSS courses must be earned to obtain the minor.
3. Substitutions may be made with the approval of the Area Minor Adviser.

Courses

GL 207 Asian Religions and Philosophy

GL 306 Japanese Values and Technological Development

RH 101 Introduction to Philosophy

SL 307 Ethics in America

VA 302 Philosophy of Religion

VA 303 Business and Engineering Ethics

VA 304 Bioethics

XX 399 Special Topics

XX 499 Directed Study

THE AREA MINOR IN MODERN LANGUAGES
Students may apply only one (1) transfer course toward a minor.  Exceptions may be made with the approval of the minor advisor.

The Area Minor in Modern Languages has the following requirements:

1. Six successive courses in German, Japanese or Spanish.
2. RH 131 and 4 HSS courses, one in each category.
3. This means a minimum of 44 credits in HSS courses must be earned.
4. Students may not earn foreign language credit in their native languages.

First Year Courses

GE 111/112/113 German Language and Culture I/II/III JP 111/112/113 Japanese Language and Culture I/II/III SP 111/112/113 Spanish Language and Culture I/II/III

Second Year Courses

GE 211/212/213 German Language and Culture IV/V/VI JP 211/212/213 Japanese Language and Culture IV/V/VI SP 211/212/213 Spanish Language and Culture IV/V/VI

Third Year Courses

GE 311/312/313 German Language, Culture, and Translation I/II/III JP 311/312/313 Japanese Language and Culture VII/VIII/IX

Fourth Year Courses

GE 411/412/413 German Language, Culture, and Translation IV/V/VI JP 411/412/413 Japanese Language and Culture X/XI/XII

XX 399 Special Topics

XX 499 Directed Study

NOTES:

THE AREA MINOR IN HISTORY
Students may apply only one (1) transfer course toward a minor.  Exceptions may be made with the approval of the minor advisor.

The Area Minor in History has the following requirements:

1. Five courses in History, with at least three courses at the 300-400 level;
2. A minimum of 40 credits in HSS courses must be earned to obtain the minor.
3. Substitutions may be made with the approval of the Area Minor Adviser.

Courses
GL 221 Colonial Latin America
GL 222 Modern Latin America
GL 322 The Industrial Revolution in Global Context
GL 323 Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union
GL 324 Japan in the 20th Century
GL 325 Cities in Latin American History
GL 422 American Diplomacy in the 20th Century
GL 423 American Arms and Strategy in the 20th Century
SL 121 United States to 1865
SL 122 United States since 1865
SL 222 Western Civilization to 1500
SL 223 Western Civilization since 1500
VA 321 United States since 1939
VA 322 Disasters and Modern Society since 1700
VA 323 The Andean Countries in South America
VA 328 Nuclear Weapons and the Modern World
VA 329 The Information Age
XX 399 Special Topics
XX 499 Directed Readings

THE AREA MINOR IN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
Students may apply only one (1) transfer course toward a minor.  Exceptions may be made with the approval of the minor advisor.

The Area Minor in Language and Literature has the following requirements:

1. In addition to RH 131, five courses in Language and Literature, at least three of which are at the 300-400 level and no more than one of which may be at the 100 level;
2. A minimum of 40 credits in HSS courses must be earned to obtain the minor.
3. Substitutions may be made with the approval of the Area Minor Adviser.

Courses
GL 237 Science Fiction
GL 333 Travel in World Literature
GL 334 Utopian Thought and Literature
GL 335 Arabic Literature in Translation
RH 132 Creative Writing
RH 230 Public Speaking
RH 231 Introduction to Poetry
RH 232 Jane Austen and the Rhetoric of Fiction
RH 234 Rhetoric of Science
RH 239 The Film
RH 331 Contemporary Issues and Writing
RH 333 Critical Reading
RH 335 Horror Literature
RH 399 Topics in Communication
RH 431 History of the American Novel
SL 231 Introduction to Short Fiction
SL 232 Major American Writers
SL 233 Survey of American Literature
SL 234 Major British Writers
SL 331 Literature and Lore of the Sea
SL 334 Literature of War
SL 335 Shakespeare
SL 336 Contemporary American Fiction
SL 337 Modern Southern Fiction
SL 431 Literary London
VA 231 Introduction to Non-Fiction
VA 233 Introduction to Drama
VA 232 American Minority Literature
VA 335 Contemporary British Fiction and Film
VA 336 Ethics in Human Communication
VA 337 Twentieth-Century American Novel
VA 431 Images of the Businessperson in American Literature
VA 434 The Bible as Literature
VA 435 Seminar in Language and Literature
VA 436 Reinterpretation of Literary Themes
XX 399 Special Topics
XX 499 Directed Study

THE AREA MINOR IN ECONOMICS
Students may apply only one (1) transfer course toward a minor.  Exceptions may be made with the approval of the minor advisor.

The Area Minor in Economics has the following requirements:

1. Five courses in Economics, distributed as follows:
a. Principles of Economics (SL 151);
b. Intermediate Microeconomics (SL 354) or Intermediate Macroeconomics (SL 355);
c. Three additional Economics courses chosen by the student and approved by an Economics Area Minor Adviser. These shall be selected to provide some depth in the student’s understanding of economic analysis and its applications;

2. A minimum of 40 credits in HSS courses must be earned to obtain the minor.

3. Substitutions may be made with the approval of the Area Minor Adviser
 

Courses
RH 351 The Rhetoric of Economic Thought
GL 357 European Economics
GL 455 Economic Growth and Development
GL 458 International Trade
GL 459 International Finance
SL 151 Principles of Economics
SL 350 Managerial Accounting
SL 351 Managerial Economics
SL 354 Intermediate Microeconomics
SL 355 Intermediate Macroeconomics
SL 356 Game Theory
SL 451 Mathematical Economics
SL 452 Introduction to Econometrics
VA 352 Financial Markets and Institutions
VA 353 Industrial Organization
VA 452 Environmental Economics
VA 453 The Entrepreneur
VA 454 Financial Economics
XX 399 Special Topics
XX 499 Directed Study

THE AREA MINOR IN POLITICAL SCIENCE
Students may apply only one (1) transfer course toward a minor.  Exceptions may be made with the approval of the minor advisor.

The Area Minor in Political Science has the following requirements:

1. Five courses in Political Science, with at least three courses at the 300-400 level;
2. A minimum of 40 credits in HSS courses must be earned to obtain the minor.
3. Substitutions may be made with the approval of the Area Minor Adviser.

Courses
GL 261 Comparative Politics
GL 262 International Relations
GL 363 Politics of the Global Economy
GL 366 The European Union
RH 466 Seminar on Political Philosophy
SL 261 American Politics and Government
SL 363 European Politics and Government
VA 366 America’s Future
XX 399 Special Topics
XX 499 Directed Study

THE AREA MINOR IN PSYCHOLOGY
Students may apply only one (1) transfer course toward a minor.  Exceptions may be made with the approval of the minor advisor.

The Area Minor in Psychology has the following requirements:

1. Five courses in Psychology, distributed as follows:

a. Principles of Psychology (SL 171).

b. Experimental Psychology (SL 272).

c. Three other Psychology courses.

2. Engineering Statistics I (MA 223) or Introduction to Probability
and Statistics with Applications (MA 381).

3. A minimum of 40 credits in HSS courses must be earned to obtain the minor.

4. Substitutions may be made with the approval of the Area Minor Adviser.

Courses
RH 471 Literature of Madness
SL 171 Principles of Psychology
SL 272 Experimental Psychology
SL 372 Cognitive Psychology
SL 375 Personality Theories
VA 373 Gender Issues
XX 399 Special Topics
XX 499 Directed Study

THE AREA MINOR IN ANTHROPOLOGY
Students may apply only one (1) transfer course toward a minor.  Exceptions may be made with the approval of the minor advisor.

The Area Minor in Anthropology has the following requirements:

1. Five courses in Anthropology, distributed as follows:

a. The following three courses are required:
GL 285 Humans and Culture
SL 385 Archaeology and Prehistory
SL 386 Human Evolution

2. A minimum of 40 credits in HSS courses must be earned to obtain the minor. 

3. Substitutions may be made with the approval of the Area Minor Advisor

Courses
GL 184 Introduction to East Asia
GL 384 Japanese Society
VA 382 Anthropology of Religion
XX 399 Special Topics
XX 499 Directed Study

AREA MINOR IN GEOGRAPHY
Students may apply only one (1) transfer course toward a minor.  Exceptions may be made with the approval of the minor advisor.

   The Area Minor in Geography has the following requirements:

1. Five courses in Geography, one of which must be either World Regional Geography (GL291) or Cultural Geography (SL191).
2. A minimum of 40 credits in HSS courses must be earned to obtain the minor.
3. Substitutions may be made with the approval of the Area Minor Advisor.

Courses
GL 291 World Geography
GL 222 Contemporary Latin America
GL 333 Travel in World Literature
GL 391 Geography of Africa & Southwest Asia
SL 191 Cultural Geography
SL 391 Cities of Europe
SL 491 Medieval Europe
VA 291 Geography of Europe
VA 313 Contemporary Spain
VA 391 Contemporary Europe: Empire to Union
VA 413 Contemporary Germany
XX 399 Special Topics
XX 499 Directed Study

AREA MINOR IN EAST ASIAN STUDIES
Students may apply only one (1) transfer course toward a minor.  Exceptions may be made with the approval of the minor advisor.

The Area Minor in East Asian Studies has the following requirements:

1. Three courses (or proficiency) in Japanese Language. (Language courses may be allocated in any of the four thematic categories, but there may be no more than one language course in any category.)
2. Four courses selected from the following:
   GL 184 Introduction to East Asia
   GL 207 Asian Religions and Philosophy
   GL 306 Japanese Values and Technological Development
   GL 324 Japan in the 20th Century
   GL 384 Japanese Society
3. A minimum of 40 credits in HSS courses must be earned to obtain the minor.
4. Substitutions may be made with the approval of the Area Minor Adviser.

AREA MINOR IN EUROPEAN STUDIES
Students may apply only one (1) transfer course toward a minor.  Exceptions may be made with the approval of the minor advisor.

The Area Minor in European Studies has the following requirements:

1. Three courses (or proficiency) in either German or Spanish. (Language courses may be allocated in any of the four thematic categories, but there may be no more than one language course in any category.)
2. Four courses selected from the following:
   GL 311 Issues in German Culture
   GL 323 Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union
   GL 366 The European Union
   RH 101 Introduction to Philosophy
   SL 222 Western Civilization to 1715
   SL 223 Western Civilization from 1715 to the Present
   SL 305 Twentieth Century European Philosophy
   SL 335 Shakespeare
   SL 363 European Politics and Government
   SL 391 Cities of Europe
   SL 412 Science & Technology in German Culture
   SL 491 Medieval Europe
   VA 291 Geography of Europe
   VA 311 Issues in German Culture
   VA 391 Contemporary Europe
   VA 413 Contemporary Germany
3. A minimum of 40 credits in HSS courses must be earned to obtain the minor.
4. Substitutions may be made with the approval of the Area Minor Adviser.

AREA MINOR IN LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES
Students may apply only one (1) transfer course toward a minor.  Exceptions may be made with the approval of the minor advisor.

The Area Minor in Latin American Studies has the following requirements:

1. Three courses (or proficiency) in Spanish Language. (Language courses may be allocated in any of the four thematic categories, but there may be no more than one language course in any category.)
2. Four courses selected from the following:
   GL 221 Colonial Latin America
   GL 222 Modern Latin America
   GL 325 Cities in Latin American History
   SL 338 Latin American Fiction: The Boom and Beyond
   VA 323 The Andean Countries of South America
   VA 399 Representing Latin America in Text
   VA 399 U.S. Latino/a Culture
   XX 399 Special Topics
   XX 499 Directed Topics
3. A minimum of 40 credits in HSS courses must be earned to obtain the minor.
4. Substitutions may be made with the approval of the Area Minor Adviser.

AREA MINOR IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Students may apply only one (1) transfer course toward a minor.  Exceptions may be made with the approval of the minor advisor.

The Area Minor in Science, Technology, and Society (STS) has the following requirements:

1. Six courses in Science, Technology, and Society distributed as follows:

a. Two of the following core courses.
GL 306 Japanese Values and Technological Development
SL 307 Ethics in America
SL 366 America’s Future
SL 481 Technology and Culture
VA 303 Business and Engineering Ethics
VA 328 Nuclear Weapons and the Modern World
VA 329 The Information Age
VA 452 Environmental Economics

b. Four additional courses from either the core list above or the following:
GL 237 Science Fiction
GL 423 American Arms and Strategy
RH 330 Technical Communication
SL 398 The Research and Development Organization
SL 412 Science & Technology in German Culture
VA 304 Bioethics
VA 336 Ethics in Human Communication
VA 412 A History of German Science and Technology
VA 498 Technology Management and Forecasting
CE 361 Environmental Issues

c. With the approval of the STS Area Minor Adviser, certain topics or other courses may be substituted for the courses listed above.

2. A minimum of 40 credits in HSS courses must be earned to obtain the minor