The Differences between Inputs, Processes, Outputs, and Outcomes

Views about academic quality and effectiveness have shifted over the past three decades from an almost exclusive pre-occupation with inputs and processes to a more mission specific focus on outputs and outcomes. The national trend is now toward a more results oriented concern for the outcomes of the research, and teaching, and learning processes.

INPUTS:

• Student Credentials - Admission Selectivity and Test Scores
• Faculty Credentials - Percent Ph.D.s, Reputation Ratings
• Resources: Student/Faculty Ratio, Library Holdings, Athletic Facilities, Funding and Endowment per Student.

PROCESSES:

• Programs Offered and Populations Served
• Curricular Requirements
• Faculty Teaching Loads and Class Size
• Facilities Use data, Library Circulation Statistics
• Student Support Services Offered and Used
• Teaching Quality and Student Ratings of Instruction
• Standards for the Conduct of Research
• Planning and Efficient Use of Resources
• TQM/CQI
• Time to Degree

OUTPUTS:

• Student Grades
• Number Degrees Awarded & Graduation Rates
• Faculty Publication Numbers
• Research Grants

OUTCOMES:

• Student Learning and Growth
• Student and Alumni Accomplishments
• Faculty Publication Citations Data
• Research Impact & Economic Development